Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies Nuzvid was founded in 2008 as an institution of educational excellence dedicated to the advancement of knowledge and technology. This college affiliated with Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, represents a dedication to delivering affordable and high-quality education. By offering specialized programs that match with the increasing needs of the industry, the school has played an important role in defining the academic landscape.
RGUKT Nuzvid promotes an environment that encourages creativity, critical thinking, and technological innovation through interdisciplinary study and cutting-edge research. The connection with the university emphasizes the institution’s commitment to a holistic and inclusive educational system, providing students with the information and skills needed to meet modern challenges, notably in engineering and technology.
Highlights
Specifics | Details |
Name of the institution | Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies Nuzvid |
Abbreviations | EGUKTN |
Year of Establishment | 2008 |
Approved By | All India Council for Technical Education(AICTE) |
Affiliated by | Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies |
Institute Type | State Government University |
Official Website | https://rguktn.ac.in/ |
Courses Offered | Btech & M.TEch |
Discipline Offered | Engineering |
Category | Engineering College in Andhra Pradesh |
Sub Categry | Government ENgineering Colleges in Andhra Pradesh |
Entrance Examination Required | JEE-Main Exam, JEE-Advanced Exam |
Contact Details | Address– Administrative Block (I-3), Mylavaram Road, Nuzvid, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh – 521 202. Email: director.ongole@rgukt.in. Contact No- 9667532500 |
Affiliation, Recognition, and Aid Status
- Affiliated with:– Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies
- Approved by:– All India Council for Technical Education(AICTE)
- Aid Status:- State Government University
Departments
- Computational Mechanics (Mechanical Engineering)
- Computer Networks And Internet Security
- Computer Science & Engineering
- Computing In Computing
- Electronics & Communication Engg
- Engineering Design
- Transportation Engineering
- Chemical Engineering
- Civil Engineering
Facilities and Infrastructure
- Laboratories and Research Centers: Specialized labs and research centers with advanced equipment for practical learning and research activities.
- Library Resources: Extensive collection of books, journals, and digital resources to support academic and research needs.
- Computer Facilities: Access to up-to-date computing facilities for technology-driven learning and research activities.
- Hostel Accommodation: Comfortable and secure hostel facilities for students, providing a conducive living environment for academic and personal growth.
- Sports and Recreation: Facilities for sports and recreational activities, promoting a healthy and active lifestyle among students.
- Campus-wide Connectivity: Seamless internet connectivity across the campus for research, online learning, and communication.
- Medical Facilities: Access to medical facilities and healthcare services on campus for the well-being of students.
- Student Support Services: Counseling services, career guidance, and academic support to assist students throughout their educational journey.
- Transportation: Possible provision of transportation facilities for convenient commuting to and from the campus.
- Innovation and Incubation Centers: Spaces that foster innovation and support entrepreneurial initiatives among students.
- Cultural and Recreational Activities: Events, festivals, and cultural activities that enhance the overall campus experience and promote diversity.
- Cafeteria and Dining Facilities: Dining facilities or cafeterias providing nutritious meals and fostering a sense of community during meal times.
Faculty and Staff
- Highly Qualified Faculty: The institution is proud of its diversified and highly qualified faculty. Professors, assistant professors, and lecturers with advanced degrees and substantial experience in several engineering fields make up the teaching faculty.
- Teaching Dedication: The faculty is dedicated to providing high-quality education. To provide students with a modern and engaging learning experience, they employ new teaching methods and stay current on the latest pedagogical approaches.
- Research-Driven Faculty: Many faculty members are actively engaged in research activities, which contribute to the institution’s position as an innovation hub. Their research covers a broad range of engineering disciplines and frequently involves collaboration with industrial partners.
- Professional Development: The teachers and staff attend conferences, seminars, and training programs on a regular basis to improve their teaching skills and stay current on the newest breakthroughs in their respective disciplines.
- Administrative and Support Team: In addition to the teaching faculty, the college has a dedicated administrative and support team. They ensure the institution’s seamless running and support both students and faculty members.
Courses Offered
B. Tech Courses
Course Name | Seat Intake |
Chemical Engineering | 60 |
Civil Engineering | 60 |
Computer Science And Engineering | 60 |
Electronics And Communications Engineering | 120 |
Mechanical Engineering | 60 |
Metallurgical And Materials Engineering | 60 |
M. Tech Courses
Course Name | Seat Intake |
Computational Analysis In Mechanical Science | 18 |
Computational Mechanics (Mechanical Engineering) | 18 |
Computer Networks And Internet Security | 18 |
Computer Science & Engineering | 24 |
Computing In Computing | 24 |
Electronics & Communication Engg | 24 |
Engineering Design | 18 |
Transportation Engineering | 18 |
Fees Structure
Courses | 1st Year Fees |
B. Tech | Will Be Notified Soon |
M. Tech | Will Be Notified Soon |
NOTE: The above-shared fees can vary from the actual fees and are subject to change. To know the exact fee structure, candidates can connect with a counseling expert at the Admission Helpline No. 9667532500.
Research and Innovation
Activity | Description |
Faculty Research and Publications | Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid (RGUKT Nuzvid) faculty members actively participate in research within their respective engineering fields. They disseminate their research findings through publications in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at national and international conferences, contributing significantly to the progression of knowledge in engineering and technology. |
Student Research Projects | RGUKT Nuzvid encourages its students to engage in hands-on research projects under the mentorship of faculty members. This approach not only provides students with practical research experience but also fosters the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills, preparing them for future research endeavors. |
Collaborative Research Projects | RGUKT Nuzvid collaborates with various institutions, including universities, research institutes, and industries, to undertake collaborative research projects. These partnerships bring together diverse expertise and resources to address larger and more intricate research challenges in the field of engineering and technology. |
Research Funding and Support | RGUKT Nuzvid secures funding from various sources, including government agencies, private organizations, and industries, to support its research initiatives. This funding is utilized for procuring equipment, conducting research projects, providing scholarships for research students, and supporting faculty development in research. |
Research Centers and Laboratories | RGUKT Nuzvid has established cutting-edge research centers and laboratories equipped with state-of-the-art facilities. These centers and laboratories serve as hubs for faculty and students, providing the necessary resources to conduct high-quality research across various domains of engineering and technology. |
Technology Transfer and Innovation | RGUKT Nuzvid is dedicated to translating its research findings into practical applications and fostering innovation in engineering and technology. The university collaborates with industries to develop new technologies and products, offers consultancy services to technical institutions, and organizes workshops and training programs to disseminate knowledge and best practices. |
Outreach and Dissemination | RGUKT Nuzvid actively organizes workshops, seminars, and conferences to disseminate its research findings, share best practices, and promote knowledge exchange within the engineering and technology community. Additionally, the university publishes journals and other publications to share its expertise and contributions with a broader audience. |
Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility Criteria | Description |
Nationality | Indian Citizen |
Age | As on 31st December of the year of admission, the candidate should have completed 16 years of age |
Qualifying Examination | The candidate should have passed the Intermediate examination or an equivalent examination recognized by the Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana |
Subjects | The candidate should have passed the Intermediate examination with Mathematics/Biology, Physics and Chemistry as the optional subjects or related vocational courses in Engineering and Technology or any other examination deemed to be equivalent by the Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana |
Qualifying Marks | General Category candidates should have secured a minimum of 25% of marks in each subject and 45% of marks in the aggregate. SC/ST/BC candidates should have secured a minimum of 25% of marks in each subject and 40% of marks in the aggregate |
AP ECET Rank | Candidates should have secured a valid rank in the AP ECET-2023 and Also has appeared in JEE Main Or Advanced |
Domicile | Candidates should be a domicile of Andhra Pradesh as defined in Andhra Pradesh Educational Institutions (Admission to Courses) Order 1979 |
Residence | Candidates should have resided in Andhra Pradesh for a minimum of 10 years immediately preceding the year of admission |
Physical Fitness | Candidates should be physically fit for admission to the course of study they seek. |
JEE Main Cut-Off 2023
Category | Cutoff 2023 |
General | 90.7788642 |
EWS | 75.6229025 |
OBC | 73.6114227 |
SC | 51.9776027 |
ST | 37.2348772 |
PwD | 0.0013527 |
JEE Advanced Cut-off 2023
Category | Minimum Marks in Each Subject | Minimum Aggregate Marks |
Common rank list (CRL) | 5 | 55 |
OBC-NCL rank list | 5 | 50 |
General EWS rank list | 5 | 50 |
SC rank list | 3 | 28 |
ST rank list | 3 | 28 |
Common PwD rank list | 3 | 28 |
OBC-NCL PwD rank list | 3 | 28 |
General-NCL PwD rank list | 3 | 28 |
SC PwD rank list | 3 | 28 |
ST PwD rank list | 3 | 28 |
Preparatory course (PC) rank lists | 1 | 14 |
Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies Nuzvid Cut Off 2022
Round 1
Chemical Engineering
Category | Entrance Exam | Opening Rank | Closing Rank |
ESM | AP ECET | – | – |
ST | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | AP ECET | – | – |
EWS | AP ECET | – | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | JEE | – | – |
SEBC | JEE | – | – |
SC | JEE | – | – |
SC | AP ECET | – | – |
TFWS (AP ECET ) | TFWS | – | – |
TFWS | TFWS | – | – |
Civil Engineering
Category | Entrance Exam | Opening Rank | Closing Rank |
ESM | AP ECET | – | – |
ST | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | AP ECET | – | – |
EWS | AP ECET | – | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | JEE | – | – |
SEBC | JEE | – | – |
SC | JEE | – | – |
SC | AP ECET | – | – |
TFWS (AP ECET ) | TFWS | – | – |
TFWS | TFWS | – | – |
Computer Science And Engineering
Category | Entrance Exam | Opening Rank | Closing Rank |
ESM | AP ECET | – | – |
ST | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | AP ECET | – | – |
EWS | AP ECET | – | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | JEE | – | – |
SEBC | JEE | – | – |
SC | JEE | – | – |
SC | AP ECET | – | – |
TFWS (AP ECET ) | TFWS | – | – |
TFWS | TFWS | – | – |
Electronics And Communications Engineering
Category | Entrance Exam | Opening Rank | Closing Rank |
ESM | AP ECET | – | – |
ST | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | AP ECET | – | – |
EWS | AP ECET | – | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | JEE | – | – |
SEBC | JEE | – | – |
SC | JEE | – | – |
SC | AP ECET | – | – |
TFWS (AP ECET ) | TFWS | – | – |
TFWS | TFWS | – | – |
Mechanical Engineering
Category | Entrance Exam | Opening Rank | Closing Rank |
ESM | AP ECET | – | – |
ST | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | AP ECET | – | – |
EWS | AP ECET | – | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | JEE | – | – |
SEBC | JEE | – | – |
SC | JEE | – | – |
SC | AP ECET | – | – |
TFWS (AP ECET ) | TFWS | – | – |
TFWS | TFWS | – | – |
Metallurgical And Materials Engineering
Category | Entrance Exam | Opening Rank | Closing Rank |
ESM | AP ECET | – | – |
ST | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | AP ECET | – | – |
EWS | AP ECET | – | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – | – |
OPEN | JEE | – | – |
SEBC | JEE | – | – |
SC | JEE | – | – |
SC | AP ECET | – | – |
TFWS (AP ECET ) | TFWS | – | – |
TFWS | TFWS | – | – |
Round 2
Chemical Engineering
Category | Quota | Last Admitted Rank |
EWS | AP ECET | – |
GEN | AP ECET | – |
GEN | JEE | – |
SC | AP ECET | – |
SC | JEE | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – |
SEBC | JEE | – |
ST | AP ECET | – |
TFWS | JEE | – |
Civil Engineering
Category | Quota | Last Admitted Rank |
EWS | AP ECET | – |
GEN | AP ECET | – |
GEN | JEE | – |
SC | AP ECET | – |
SC | JEE | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – |
SEBC | JEE | – |
ST | AP ECET | – |
TFWS | JEE | – |
Computer Science And Engineering
Category | Quota | Last Admitted Rank |
EWS | AP ECET | – |
GEN | AP ECET | – |
GEN | JEE | – |
SC | AP ECET | – |
SC | JEE | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – |
SEBC | JEE | – |
ST | AP ECET | – |
TFWS | JEE | – |
Electronics And Communications Engineering
Category | Quota | Last Admitted Rank |
EWS | AP ECET | – |
GEN | AP ECET | – |
GEN | JEE | – |
SC | AP ECET | – |
SC | JEE | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – |
SEBC | JEE | – |
ST | AP ECET | – |
TFWS | JEE | – |
Mechanical Engineering
Category | Quota | Last Admitted Rank |
EWS | AP ECET | – |
GEN | AP ECET | – |
GEN | JEE | – |
SC | AP ECET | – |
SC | JEE | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – |
SEBC | JEE | – |
ST | AP ECET | – |
TFWS | JEE | – |
Metallurgical And Materials Engineering
Category | Quota | Last Admitted Rank |
EWS | AP ECET | – |
GEN | AP ECET | – |
GEN | JEE | – |
SC | AP ECET | – |
SC | JEE | – |
SEBC | AP ECET | – |
SEBC | JEE | – |
ST | AP ECET | – |
TFWS | JEE | – |
Mock Up Round
Chemical Engineering
Quota Type | Allotted Category | Last Allotted Rank |
AP ECET | ESM | – |
AP ECET | OPEN | – |
JEE | OPEN | – |
AP ECET | OPEN-EWS | – |
AP ECET | SC | – |
AP ECET | SEBC | – |
JEE | SEBC | – |
AP ECET | ST | – |
JEE | ST | – |
AP ECET | TFWS ( AP ECET) | – |
JEE | TFWS | – |
Civil Engineering
Quota Type | Allotted Category | Last Allotted Rank |
AP ECET | ESM | – |
AP ECET | OPEN | – |
JEE | OPEN | – |
AP ECET | OPEN-EWS | – |
AP ECET | SC | – |
AP ECET | SEBC | – |
JEE | SEBC | – |
AP ECET | ST | – |
JEE | ST | – |
AP ECET | TFWS ( AP ECET) | – |
JEE | TFWS | – |
Computer Science And Engineering
Quota Type | Allotted Category | Last Allotted Rank |
AP ECET | ESM | – |
AP ECET | OPEN | – |
JEE | OPEN | – |
AP ECET | OPEN-EWS | – |
AP ECET | SC | – |
AP ECET | SEBC | – |
JEE | SEBC | – |
AP ECET | ST | – |
JEE | ST | – |
AP ECET | TFWS ( AP ECET) | – |
JEE | TFWS | – |
Electronics And Communications Engineering
Quota Type | Allotted Category | Last Allotted Rank |
AP ECET | ESM | – |
AP ECET | OPEN | – |
JEE | OPEN | – |
AP ECET | OPEN-EWS | – |
AP ECET | SC | – |
AP ECET | SEBC | – |
JEE | SEBC | – |
AP ECET | ST | – |
JEE | ST | – |
AP ECET | TFWS ( AP ECET) | – |
JEE | TFWS | – |
Mechanical Engineering
Quota Type | Allotted Category | Last Allotted Rank |
AP ECET | ESM | – |
AP ECET | OPEN | – |
JEE | OPEN | – |
AP ECET | OPEN-EWS | – |
AP ECET | SC | – |
AP ECET | SEBC | – |
JEE | SEBC | – |
AP ECET | ST | – |
JEE | ST | – |
AP ECET | TFWS ( AP ECET) | – |
JEE | TFWS | – |
Metallurgical And Materials Engineering
Quota Type | Allotted Category | Last Allotted Rank |
AP ECET | ESM | – |
AP ECET | OPEN | – |
JEE | OPEN | – |
AP ECET | OPEN-EWS | – |
AP ECET | SC | – |
AP ECET | SEBC | – |
JEE | SEBC | – |
AP ECET | ST | – |
JEE | ST | – |
AP ECET | TFWS ( AP ECET) | – |
JEE | TFWS | – |
Counseling Registrations
Step 1: Account Creation
- Visit the official website of Andhra Pradesh Engineering Counselling (AP ECET) – https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in/: https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in/
- Click on the “Registration” link and create a new account using your email address, mobile number, and other required details.
- Verify your email address and mobile number by clicking on the links sent to you.
Step 2: Registration Form
- Log in to your newly created account.
- Fill out the detailed registration form. This includes your personal information, academic details, AP ECET rank, and category selection.
- Upload scanned copies of the required documents, including your AP ECET rank card, qualifying examination mark sheet, transfer certificate, and caste certificate (if applicable).
- Carefully review the entered information and uploaded documents before submitting the registration form.
Step 3: Fee Payment
- Upon successful registration, you will be directed to the payment gateway.
- Choose your preferred payment method (online or offline) and pay the registration fee.
- Once the payment is successful, you will receive a confirmation email and SMS.
Step 4: Confirmation
- Check your email and SMS for the registration confirmation message.
- Save the confirmation message for future reference.
Counseling Fees
Categories | Fee |
OC/BC | INR 1,200 |
SC/ST | INR 600 |
Counseling Process
Step 1: Registration
- Visit the official website of Andhra Pradesh Engineering Counselling (AP ECET) – https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in/: https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in/
- Create an account using your email address, mobile number, and other required details.
- Verify your email address and mobile number by clicking on the links sent to you.
- Login to your newly created account and fill out the detailed registration form.
- Upload scanned copies of the required documents, including your AP ECET rank card, qualifying examination mark sheet, transfer certificate, and caste certificate (if applicable).
- Carefully review the entered information and uploaded documents before submitting the registration form.
- Pay the registration fee using your preferred payment method (online or offline).
Step 2: Choice Filling
- Once your registration is complete and your payment is successful, you will be eligible for choice filling.
- Login to your account and access the choice filling option.
- Carefully review the list of participating colleges and courses available for selection.
- Prioritize your choices based on your interests, preferences, and AP ECET rank.
- Select your preferred colleges and courses in order of preference.
- Save your choices and lock your selections.
Step 3: Web Options
- Based on your AP ECET rank and choice preferences, you will be allotted tentative seats through web options.
- Login to your account and view your tentative seat allotment.
- If you are satisfied with the allotted seat, you can confirm it by accepting the web option.
- If you wish to participate in further rounds of counselling, you can decline the web option.
Step 4: Seat Allotment
- Final seat allotment will be done based on your AP ECET rank, category, and choice preferences.
- You will receive a seat allotment letter through your registered email and mobile number.
- Visit the allotted college with the required documents, including your seat allotment letter, AP ECET rank card, qualifying examination mark sheet, transfer certificate, caste certificate (if applicable), and original identity proof.
- Complete the admission process and pay the required fees.
- Submit the original documents for verification and obtain an admission confirmation letter.
Documents Required
The candidates have to produce the listed below documents in original along with a photocopy on the day of counselling.
- 10th and 10+2 mark sheet and passing certificate
- Admit card of entrance exam
- Scorecard of entrance exam
- Migration certificate
- Transfer certificate
- Character certificate
- Category certificate
- Passport size photographs
Placement and Alumni Network
Aspect | Description |
Placement Rate | Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid (RGUKT Nuzvid) consistently maintains an impressive placement rate, ensuring that over 90% of eligible students secure employment within a year of graduation. |
Recruiting Companies | Reputed companies from various sectors, such as IT, electronics, manufacturing, and infrastructure, actively participate in campus placements at Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid. This provides students with diverse opportunities for internships and full-time positions. |
Average Salary Package | Graduates from Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid receive an average salary package ranging from ₹ 5 LPA to ₹ 7 LPA. The specific package depends on factors like academic performance, chosen engineering field, and prevailing market conditions. |
Alumni Network | Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid boasts a robust and actively engaged alumni network, with former students occupying prominent positions in various industries within India and abroad. This network serves as a valuable resource for current students and contributes to the university’s strong industry connections. |
Alumni Association | The Alumni Association at Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid plays a crucial role in fostering connections among alumni. It organizes events, provides mentorship opportunities, and maintains a strong bond between the association and the institute, contributing to a supportive and engaged alumni community. |
Contact Details
Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies Nuzvid
- Address– Administrative Block (I-3), Mylavaram Road, Nuzvid, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh – 521 202.
- Email: director.ongole@rgukt.in.
- Contact No- 9667532500
Engineering Predictors
Engineering predictors refer to tools that use historical data and algorithms to estimate a student’s rank or chances of admission in engineering entrance exams like JEE Main or JEE Advanced, or to predict their likelihood of getting into specific engineering colleges based on their exam performance and other relevant factors.
We offer a range of valuable predictors to guide students through this crucial journey. Here are some of the Predictor that we provide,
- JEE Main Rank Predictor
- JEE Advanced Rank Predictor
- JEE Main College Predictor
- JEE Advanced College Predictor
Engineering Admission Consultant
As a JoSAA Counselling Expert, we offer specialized guidance and support for engineering admissions through the Joint Seat Allocation Authority (JoSAA) Counselling process. Our team of knowledgeable Engineering Admission Consultants is well-versed in Josaa and CSAB counselling process, and we are dedicated to helping students achieve their dream of pursuing a successful engineering career.
With our expertise, we provide personalized assistance at every step of the admission process. Whether it’s college selection, application support, or understanding the JoSAA Counselling procedure, we are here to ensure a smooth and hassle-free experience for aspiring engineers. Our Engineering Admission Consultant, also guide students for state level counseling.
Josaa Expert Counseling
Our expert counselling services cover JoSAA Counselling, CSAB Counselling, admission to top private engineering colleges, state-level counselling, and NRI counselling. Whether you aim for prestigious institutions like IITs and NITs or seek admissions in private colleges or state government engineering institutes, we are here to assist you at every step. Our experienced counsellors provide personalized guidance, ensuring you make informed decisions throughout the admission process. Here’re some of the details about JoSAA Expert Counsellings we offered;
- Josaa Counselling
- CSAB Counselling
- Top-Private Engineering College
- State Level Counseling
- Direct Admission Through Management Quota
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What programs does Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT), Nuzvid offer?
A: RGUKT Nuzvid offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various engineering disciplines and technology fields. The university is known for its innovative curriculum and focus on technology education.
Q: How is the placement scenario at RGUKT Nuzvid?
A: RGUKT Nuzvid maintains a robust placement record, with a significant percentage of eligible students securing employment within a year of graduation. The university has strong ties with reputed companies across diverse sectors.
Q: What support services are available for student research activities?
A: RGUKT Nuzvid actively encourages students to engage in research projects under the guidance of faculty members. The university provides resources, mentorship, and opportunities for students to participate in hands-on research.
Q: Is there an alumni network at RGUKT Nuzvid?
A: Yes, RGUKT Nuzvid boasts a strong alumni network, with former students holding prominent positions in various industries. The alumni network actively engages with current students, providing valuable insights and career guidance.
Q: What companies recruit students from RGUKT Nuzvid?
A: Reputed companies from diverse sectors actively participate in campus placements at RGUKT Nuzvid. This provides students with a wide range of opportunities for internships and full-time employment.
Q: How does RGUKT Nuzvid support student development beyond academics?
A: RGUKT Nuzvid provides a holistic educational experience, including sports, cultural activities, and various clubs. The university encourages extracurricular participation to enhance students’ skills and creativity.